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[1]

Farhad Ansari, editor. Condition Monitoring of Materials and Structures. 2000.

[2]

Behnam Arya and Masoud Sanayei. Structural parameter estimation using modal responses and utilizing genetic algorithm. In Mohamed Elgaaly, editor, Advanced Technology in Structural Engineering. Proceedings of the 2000 Congress & Exposition. Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE, May 2000. Located on CD in Snell Library.

Compares genetic algorithm (GA) and multiple hill climbing (MHC) optimization methods for modal objective functions. Measurements are simulated - no measurement or modeling error. A two page description of genetic algorithms is provided. Three measurement scenarios are selected for a shear building. GA always converged to the basin of the global minimum where as MHC may settle locally but provides more a accurate minimum. Recommends switching from GA to HC after converging in global minimum to obtain best solution.

[3]

Simon Bailey, Eugene Bruhwiler, and Manfred Hirt. Bridge reliability experience in switzerland. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 139-149, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper gives an overview of bridge reliability in Switzerland.

[4]

Thomas Boothby, Jeffrey Laman, and Andrew Scanlon. Reliability of reinforced concrete bridge decks subject to cumulative damage. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 251-256, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies.

[5]

James Mark William Brownjohn, Pilate Moyo, Piotr Omenzetter, and Yong Lu. Assessment of highway bridge upgrading by dynamic testing and finite-element model updating. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 8(3):162-172, May/June 2003.

This paper demonstrates modal updating in a convenient cost-effective manner on a short span bridge. Modal updating was carried out before and after upgrading the bridge deck.

[6]

Eugen Bruhwiler and Max Schlafli. Fatigue reliability of existing concrete bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 221-226, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper covers the concept of remaining fatigue life in reinforced concrete elements.

[7]

Oral Büyüköztürk. Imaging of concrete structures. NDT & E International, aug 1998.

[8]

N.J. Carino. The impact-echo method: An overview. In Peter C. Chang, editor, Proceedings of the 2001 Structures Congress & Exposition, may 2001.

[9]

Joan Casas. Bridge reliability experience in spain. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 127-138, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper gives an overview of the progress of bridge reliability in Spain.

[10]

Alexander Caso and Merhdad Soltani. Reliability based bridge inspection. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 295-300, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, inc.

This paper presents an approach for determining time intervals between inspections.

[11]

F. Necati Catbas and A. Emin Aktan. Modal analysis as a bridge health monitoring tool. In Mohamed Elgaaly, editor, Advanced Technology in Structural Engineering - Proceedings of the 2000 Structures Congress & Exposition. Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE, May 2000. On CD in Snell Library Section 37, Chapter 4.

Summary of knowledge gained from extensive tests on three span bridge and includes description of one test and outcome. Modal techniques used for parameter estimation. Concludes that dynamic tests can provide information on the condition of the structure.

[12]

Hyo-Nam Cho, Seung-Jae Lee, and Young-Min Choi. Field load testing and reliability-based integrity assessment of segmental pc box girder bridges before opening to traffic. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 233-238, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

[13]

Hyo-Nam Cho. Bridge reliability experience in korea. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 115-126, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper mentions some techniques in system reliability such as Importance Sampling Techniques. Different limit state functions are tabulated.

[14]

Christos Christopoulos. The Transmission-Line Modeling Method TLM. 1995.

[15]

Cesar Crespo-Minguillon and Joan Casas. Probabilistic response of prestress concrete bridges to fatigue. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 245-250, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper presents a model for the fatigue tensional analysis of a partially prestressed concrete bridge in reference to fatigue assessment.

[16]

Jeffrey J. Daniels. Ground penetrating radar fundamentals, nov 2000.

[17]

Robert Dexter and John Fisher. The effect of unanticipated structural behavior on the fatigue reliability of existing steel bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 90-102, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper explores different modeling techniques in reference to fatigue, including a 3D model.

[18]

Michael Enright and Dan Frangopol. Reliability-based analysis of degrading reinforced concrete bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 257-263, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Compaines, Inc.

This paper presents functions of material loss versus time for various degradation types. It evaluates a concrete T beam for corrosion of reinforcement.

[19]

Allen Estes and Dan Frangopol. Life-cycle reliability-based optimal repair planning for highway bridges: A case study. In Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 54-59, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper presents a case study of the reliability of a concrete bridge over time.

[20]

Allen Estes and Dan Frangopol. An optimized lifetime reliability-based inspection program for deteriorating structures. In A. Kareem, A. Haldar, B. F. Spencer, and E. A. Johnson, editors, 8th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechnaics and Structural Reliability, page 43, Reston, Virginia, USA, jul 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE. This paper is available on CDROM.

[21]

John Fisher. Assessing damage and reliability of steel bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 1-16, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This article details areas of improvement regarding bridge assessment and fatigue.

[22]

Michael Forde. Accuracy of nde in bridge assessment. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 162-171, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper presents some discussion on the accuracy of various NDT methods.

[23]

Dan Frangopol, Jung Kong, and Emhaidy Gharaibeh. Reliability-based life-cycle management of highway bridges. ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 15(1):27-34, jan 2001.

This article gives a brief overview of advances in life-cycle engineering as applied to bridges and points out the necessity of inclusion of this type of research in coming up with maintainence strategies.

[24]

Dan Frangopol, editor. Bridge Safety and Reliability. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999.

[25]

Dan Frangopol. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis for Bridges, chapter 9, pages 210-237. In [24], 1999.

This chapter offers s whole life reliability profile for a bridge. In other words, it helps determine when a bridge should be inspected and what method should be used. It touches on system reliability. Failure is defined in the ultimate state.

[26]

Gongkang Fu. Adapted reliability models for highway bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 279-284, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper presents two reliability models involving live load and proof load testing.

[27]

Gongkang Fu. Nondestructive Bridge Testing: Load Rating and Condition Rating, chapter 6, pages 100-140. In Frangopol [24], 1999.

This article covers proof load testing and other onsite bridge condition assessment tests.

[28]

Michel Ghosn and Dan Frangopol. Bridge Reliability: Components and Systems, chapter 4, pages 83-112. In Frangopol [24], 1999.

This article covers the general application of structural reliability to bridges. It introduces systems modeling.

[29]

Michel Ghosn and Fred Moses. Reliability of bridge structural systems. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 285-290, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. Univeristy of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper covers reliability systems modeling touching on the following: elastic versus inelastic, load redistribution, response surface method.

[30]

Michel Ghosn. Modeling of Bridge Dead and Live Loads, chapter 2. In Frangopol [24], 1999.

[31]

X. L. Guan and R. E. Melchers. A parametric study on the response surface method. In A. Kareem, A. Haldar, B. F. Spencer, and E. A. Johnson, editors, 8th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, page 42, Reston, Virginia, USA, jul 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE. This paper is available on CDROM.

This paper compares the reliability methods of First Order Reliability Method (FORM), Response Surface Method (RSM) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS).

[32]

Udaya B. Halabe, Arash Sotoodehnia, Kenneth R. Maser, and Eduardo A. Kausel. Modeling the electromagnetic properties of concrete. ACI Materials Journal, nov-dec 1993.

[33]

Udaya B. Halabe, Kenneth R. Maser, and Eduardo A. Kausel. Condition assessment of reinforced concrete structures using electromagnetic waves. ACI Materials Journal, sep-oct 1995.

[34]

Achintya Haldar and Zhenqwei Zhao. Fatigue reliability evaluation, updating and maintenance of steel bridges using ndi. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 179-184, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper presents reliability methods in reference to fatigue. Bayesian updating and NDT uncertainty are touched upon.

[35]

George Hearn. Deterioration modeling for highway bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 60-71, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies.

This paper presents and overview of deterioration models for bridges and systems.

[36]

George Hearn. Bridge Management Systems, chapter 8, pages 189-209. In Frangopol [24], 1999.

This article gives an excellent overview of available bridge management systems. It also provides deterioration rates for various bridge elements and relates condition states to NDT results.

[37]

M. Holicky and Z. P. Bazant. Regression and bayesian approaches to shrinkage prediction. In A. Kareem, A. Haldar, B. F. Spencer, and E. A. Johnson, editors, 8th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, page 38, Reston, Virginia, USA, jul 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE. This paper is available on CDROM.

[38]

Todd H. Hubing. Survey of numerical electromagnetic modeling techniques. Technical report, sep 1991.

[39]

D. Huston, K. Maser, W. Weedon, P. Fuhr, and C. Adam. Bridge deck evaluation with ground penetrating radar. In F. Chang, editor, Structural Health Monitoring, sep 1997.

[40]

R Jansohn, O Kroggel, and M Ratmann. Detection of thickness, voids, honeycombs and tendon ducts utilising ultrasonic impulse-echo-technique. In G Schickert and H Wiggenhauser, editors, Proceedings of the International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE), 1995.

[41]

Sang-Hyo Kim. Fatigue design live load of steel design bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 191 -- 194, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper presents a traffic load model and also covers cumulative fatigue damage.

[42]

M Krause, O Bärmann, R Frielinghaus, F Kretzschmar, K Langenberg, C Maierhofer, J Neisecke, M Schickert, H Wiggenhauser, and F Wollbold. Comparison of pulse-echo-methods for testing concrete. In G Schickert and H Wiggenhauser, editors, Proceedings of the International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE), 1995.

[43]

John Kulicki and Dennis Mertz. The aashto lrfd design specifications for bridges - the path to adoption anmd implementation. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 17-29, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This article is an overview of the AASTO-LRFD bridge code.

[44]

Jeffrey Laman and Thomas Boothby. Probability-based cost allocation of bridge fatigue damage. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 207-212, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper offers a fatigue loading and reistance model along with a method of fatigue evaluation.

[45]

Eric Landis, Michael Peterson, Scott Selleck, Surendra Shah, Zongjin Li, Alan Zdunek, and David Prine. Developments in nde of concrete, jun 1994.

[46]

L. J. Leu and S. S. Yang. System reliability analysis of steel frames considering effect of spread of plasticity. In A. Kareem, A. Haldar, B. F. Spencer, and E. A. Johnson, editors, 8th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechnaics and Structural Reliability, page 41, Reston, Virginia, USA, jul 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE. This paper is available on CDROM.

[47]

Kenneth R. Maser and W. M. Kim Roddis. Principles of thermography and radar for bridge deck assessment. Journal of Transportation Engineering, sep-oct 1990.

[48]

Dennis Mertz and John Kulicki. Calibrating the service limit states: The next step for the aashto bridge code. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 291-294, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper raises some important calibration issues regarding the AASHTO bridge code.

[49]

Giorgio Monti and Nicola Nistico. Simple probability-based assessment of bridges under scenario earthquakes. ASCE Journal of Bridge Engineering, 7(2):104-114, mar 2002.

This article proposes fragility curves and hazard studies relevant to concrete bridges subject to seismic loading.

[50]

Rexford M. Morey. Ground penetrating radar for evaluating subsurface conditions for transportation facilities. Technical report, 1998.

[51]

Fred Moses. Bridge evaluation based on reliability. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 42-53, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper gives a general description of bridge reliability. It points out that the beta must evolve from being notional to actuarial.

[52]

Fred Moses. Bridge Evaluation, chapter 5, pages 113+. In Frangopol [24], 1999.

This article recognizes the uncertainty of loadings and stresses the importance of considering site specifics.

[53]

Andrzej Nowak and Maria Szerszen. Bridge load and resistance models. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 30-41, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper is a compilation of different load and resistance models.

[54]

Andrzej Nowak. Bridge Code Calibration, chapter 7, pages 150-188. In Frangopol [24], 1999.

This article focuses on bridge code calibration.

[55]

Andrzej Nowak. Bridge Strength, chapter 3, pages 58-82. In Frangopol [24], 1999.

This article presents a resistance model for girders of different materials considering moment and shear capacity.

[56]

Chan-Hee Park and Andrzej Nowak. Time varying reliability model of steel girder bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 185-190, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper presents a time model of a steel girder from a reliability point of view. Corrosion is the deterioration mechanism that is modeled.

[57]

M. Pendola, P. Hornet, and A. Mohamed. Proposition of partial safety factors in context of statistical uncertainties in structural reliability analysis. In A. Kareem, A. Haldar, B.F. Spencer, and E. A. Johnson, editors, 8th ASCE Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, jul 2000.

[58]

Michael Popel. Combination of a covermeter with a radar system - an improvement of radar application in civil engineering. In G Schickert and H Wiggenhauser, editors, Proceedings of the International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE), 1995.

[59]

T. Pothisiri and K. D. Hjelmstad. Structural damage detection and assessment from modal response. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 129(2):135-145, February 2003.

This paper uses a global detection algorithm to locate one or more damaged members in a structure. Modeling error is not considered and measurement error is simulated. A subset of available measured degrees of freedom to reduce measurement error is selected at each stage of localization. Random starting points within a defined space are selected for gradient based optimization. A numerical example with different levels of measurement error is conducted on a two-dimensional bridge truss.

[60]

Rudiger Rackwitz. Reliability analysis - past, present and future. In A. Kareem, A. Haldar, B. F. Spencer, and E. A. Johnson, editors, 8th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, page 34, Reston, Virginia, USA, jul 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE. This article available on CDROM.

This paper comments on the FORM/SORM reliability methods and the so called improvements presented over the last decade.

[61]

Impact echo patents, Jun 2002.

[62]

Hong C. Rhim and Oral Büyüköztürk. Electromagnetic properties of concrete at microwave frequency range. ACI Materials Journal, may-jun 1998.

[63]

Masoud Sanayei, Jennifer A. S. McClain, Sara Wadia-Fascetti, and Erin M. Santini. Parameter estimation incorporating modal data and boundary conditions. Journal of Structural Engineering, 125(9):1048-1055, September 1999.

A modal stiffness-based error function is introduced that uses natural frequencies and incomplete mode shapes for parameter estimation. Two elements are introduced for use with parameter estimation as well. The first is a soil-superstructure element that is limited to the elastic domain. The second is a partially restrained frame element that consists of a typical frame element with an internal rotational spring. The use of the error function and elements are demonstrated on a simulated bridge example where no modeling error is present.

[64]

Masoud Sanayei, Sara Wadia-Fascetti, Behnam Arya, and Erin M. Santini. Significance of modeling error in structural parameter estimation. Computer-Aided and Infrastructure Engineering, 16:12-27, 2001.

Four error functions - two static and two modal - are introduced and compared in the presence of modeling error for parameter estimation. No measurement error is present. The two examples used to illustrate the error functions are a frame and a bridge bent. The paper concludes that stiffness based error functions are better than flexibility based error functions in the presence of modeling error.

[65]

M Schickert. Towards saft-imaging in ultrasonic inspection of concrete. In G Schickert and H Wiggenhauser, editors, Proceedings of the International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE), 1995.

[66]

Rhamat Shoureshi, Amir Chaghadjerdi, and Susan McCaffrey. Causes, prediction and prevention of structural failures: A state-of-the-art report. In A. Kareem, A. Haldar, B. F. Spencer, and E. A. Johnson, editors, 8th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, page 37, Reston, Virginia, USA, jul 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE. This paper is available on CDROM.

This paper gives a general explanation on predicting and preventing structural failure.

[67]

Gary Shubinsky. Visual & infared imaging for bridge inspection, jun 1994.

[68]

Palle Thoft-Christensen. Bridge reliability in denmark. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 103-108, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This article touches on areas of improvement, systems and time models in reliability.

[69]

Palle Thoft-Christensen. Reliability profiles for concrete bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 239-244, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper presents a corrosion deterioration model as well as reliability profiles

[70]

Dimitri V. Val and Robert Melchers. Reliability assessment of existing concrete bridges. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 227-232, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper presents a useful application of reliability to reinforced concrete. There is use of a finite element nonlinear model. Corrosion of reinforcement is the detererioration focused on.

[71]

Sara Wadia-Fascetti, Saygin Ozgu, and Masoud Sanayei. Controlling modelling error impact in structural parameter estimation. In Fabio Casciati and Geroges Magonette, editors, Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Structural Control, pages 543-550. International Association of Structural Control (IASC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2000.

Modeling error, unlike measurement error, is a biased error. A weighted parameter estimation procedure is proposed to improve estimates.

[72]

Y. K. Wen, D. A. Foutch, and D. H. Tobias. A review of modeling loading uncertainty. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 72-77, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper covers different aspects of fatigue and load models in reference to railway bridges.

[73]

F Wollbold and J Neisecke. Ultrasonic-impulse-echo-technique: Advantages of an online-imaging technique for the inspection of concrete. In G Schickert and H Wiggenhauser, editors, Proceedings of the International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE), 1995.

[74]

Bojidar Yanev. The management of bridges in new york city. In Dan Frangopol and George Hearn, editors, Structural Reliability in Bridge Engineering, pages 78-89, New York, New York, USA, oct 1996. University of Colorado at Boulder, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

This paper gives an overview of bridge management in New York City. It presents a deterioration model of condition ratings.

[75]

Yan-Gang Zhao and Tetsuro Ono. Some applications of moment method for structural reliability. In A. Kareem, A. Haldar, B. F. Spencer, and E. A. Johnson, editors, 8th ASCE Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechnaics and Str uctural Reliability, page 50, Reston, Virginia, USA, jul 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE. This paper is available on CDROM.

This paper proposes partial safety factors to account for uncertainties.